Appendix 1
Terminology

In the 1930s "restoration" was the term used to connote the hands-on activities that were used to return a deteriorated object to as close to its original condition as possible. Barrow usually described himself as a document restorer. in current usage, the term "restoration" has been superseded by the use of two terms, "preservation" and "conservation." "Preservation" means the care of entire collections including reformatting or saving of intellectual content rather than the artifact. "Conservation" means hands-on, individual item treatment (American Library Association: ALA Glossary, 1983). "Preservation" as used in this study corresponds to Higginbotham's "library tradition." Higginbotham use of "archives tradition" corresponds to my use of "conservation" (Higginbotham 1990, 163-174). "Conservation" is used here also in its broader sense to designate the field as a whole. I use "restoration" when speaking of past events, and "preservation" and "conservation" as appropriate when citing others, summarizing, and drawing conclusions.